Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji <div>Welcome to <strong>Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia. </strong>Online journal published by Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University. For further information please <a href="/index.php/pji/about/contact">contact us</a></div> en-US <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons Licence" /></a><br /><span>This work is licensed under a </span><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> pji@ub.ac.id (Editor in Chief) pji@ub.ac.id (Ramdhani Luqman Nugroho) Mon, 06 Feb 2023 17:30:03 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.13 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetate and Cream Formulation of Coleus atropurpureus leaves Against Staphylococcus aureus https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/346 <p>Infectious diseases caused by <em>Staphylococcus</em> <em>aureus</em> (<strong>Sa</strong>) bacteria reaching 70% of cases in Asia and can attack and survive in epithelial cells including endothelial cells. Attempts to overcome the infection caused by <strong>Sa</strong> by giving antibiotics, which work as antibacterial. Myana (<em>Coleus</em> <em>atropurpureus</em> L. Benth) leaves contain several active compounds that might act as antibacterial agents. This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity of <em>Coleus</em> Extract in vitro and to evaluate the formulation of the extract cream against the bacteria causing infection, <strong>Sa</strong>. <em>Coleus</em> leaves ethyl acetate extract contains alkaloids and tannins, the absorbance of Sa at the 3rd hour was getting smaller, from 0.668 to 0.552, this showed that the longer the incubation time of the extract against bacterial inoculation, the more bacteria died. Our cream formulation with criteria: the pH value, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, and protection power. Our cream formulation results were then evaluated based on the standard, with criteria: the pH value, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, and protection power. It seems that our cream is per the cream standards. It is semi-solid, brownish-white in color, smells typical of Coleus, and pH 6. Moreover, the cream is homogeneous with 5 cm of spreadability, 7 seconds for adhesion, and colorless. Moreover, we found that Coleus extract cream has better antibacterial activity than positive control with a wound closure time of 7-14 days for extract while more than 14 days for positive control.</p> Indra Lasmana Tarigan, Afidatul Muadifah, Nindita Clourisa Clourisa Amaris Susanto, Choirul Huda Copyright (c) 2021 Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia https://creativecommons.org/choose/results-one?license_code=by&amp;jurisdiction=&amp;version=4.0&amp;lang=en https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/346 Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Rapid screening analysis of antioxidant activities in green tea products using DPPH and FRAP https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/743 Free radicals are formed inside and outside the body. Free radicals inside the body can be created in the cell compartments. The reactions are complex through the initiation, propagation, and termination stages. On the other hand, free radicals in the outer body can be formed from pollutions and environmental damage action. Excessive free radicals cause oxidative stress and use destructive cellular to affect health conditions. Antioxidants are known as essential agents in biological systems against diseases triggered by free radicals. One of the many antioxidants found in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) is polyphenols. A colorimetry method was employed to evaluate the dominant antioxidant compound of the total phenolic and flavonoid content in two selected tea products. The total phenolic content was determined by utilizing the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. In addition, an aluminum colorimetric assay is applied to assess flavonoid content. Rapid screening of antioxidant activity using a spectrophotometric method is employed to determine IC50 values of tea extracts utilizing DPPH and FRAP. The FRAP method showed more sensitivity in determining antioxidant activities with the feasibility of working in low analyte concentrations than the DPPH method. The high total phenolic and flavonoid contents found in this experiment are in line with low IC50 values. It was also found out that brewed green tea has lower total phenol content than green tea bags. Vendra Setiawan, Sherlly Phangestu, Agatha Grace Soetikno, Angelina Arianti, Indrajati Kohar Copyright (c) 2021 Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia https://creativecommons.org/choose/results-one?license_code=by&amp;jurisdiction=&amp;version=4.0&amp;lang=en https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/743 Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Differential Effects of Albumin Infusion between ICU and Non-ICU Hypoalbuminemia Patients https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/745 <p><strong>Background</strong>: Hypoalbuminemia is frequent among hospitalized patients and is associated with poor outcomes. ICU patients are widely associated with more severe condition making albumin correction seems to be less effective. This study was aimed to compare the results of albumin correction in ICU and non-ICU patients at Sulianti Saroso Hospital, Jakarta.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: A cross sectional study was conducted on adult patients in ICU and non-ICU wards who received intravenous albumin infusion at Sulianti Saroso hospital, between January 2013 to March 2018. Paired t-test was used to analyze the changes of albumin level before and after albumin infusion.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Results</strong>: 123 ICU patients (41 sepsis, 82 non-sepsis) and 206 non-ICU patients (34 sepsis, 172 non-sepsis) who received 20% or 25% albumin infusions were included. Significant increase in albumin levels were observed in sepsis patients both in ICU and non-ICU, while in non-sepsis patients, the significant increase only observed in non-sepsis patients. Overall, mean increase in albumin levels in ICU-and non-ICU patients were 0.13 (0.63) g/dL vs 0.35(0.54) g/dL, respectively (P= &lt; 0,001).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-ICU patients show better response to albumin infusion compared to ICU patients. This difference is presumably due to different degree of inflammation. It is suggested that the quantity needed for albumin infusion is calculated differently according to clinical condition of the patients</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p> Nina Mariana, Surya Oto Wijaya, Rumaisah Setyawati, Siti Maemun, Nafrialdi Nafrialdi Copyright (c) 2021 Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia https://creativecommons.org/choose/results-one?license_code=by&amp;jurisdiction=&amp;version=4.0&amp;lang=en https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/745 Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Surveilans Retrospektif Penggunaan Antibiotik Pada Pasien Anak Dengan Luka Bakar https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/322 <p>Luka bakar merupakan salah satu bentuk trauma dengan tingkat risiko infeksi yang tinggi. Modalitas utama pada infeksi akibat luka bakar ialah pemberian antibiotik. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien luka bakar anak secara kualitatif menggunakan metode <em>Gyssens</em> dan secara kuantitatif menggunakan metode ATC/<em>defined daily dose </em>(DDD). Pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospektif melalui data rekam medik pasien luka bakar anak yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang dirawat di RSUD Dr. Soetomo pada tahun 2017-2019. Data diambil pada bulan November 2019 hingga Maret 2020. Didapatkan 18 pasien luka bakar anak yang memenuhi kategori inklusi. Antibiotik terbanyak yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu ceftazidime sebesar 64,28%. Berdasarkan metode Gyssens didapatkan 27,77% antibiotik berada dalam kategori sudah sesuai dan sisanya termasuk dalam kategori kurang tepat dengan 84,6% termasuk kategori IIa (tidak tepat dosis) dan 15,4% termasuk kategori IVa (antibiotik lain yang lebih efektif). Berdasarkan metode ATC DDD, didapatkan nilai total DDD /100 <em>patients-days</em> sebesar 88,92 DDD/100<em>patient-days </em>dengan ceftazidime merupakan antibiotik dengan nilai terbesar yaitu 23,03 DDD/100<em> patient-days. </em>Jenis antibiotik yang termasuk dalam DU 90% adalah ceftazidime (23,03), ampicillin-sulbactam (15,45), ceftriaxon (13,65), amikacin (11,91), gentamicin (9,67) dan meropenem (8,51). Kesimpulannya ialah secara kualitatif penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien luka bakar anak masih kurang sesuai dan secara kuantitatif penggunaan antibiotik melebihi standar WHO. Diperlukan perbaikan dalam rangka meningkatkan rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien luka bakar anak.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci</strong>: Antibiotik, Luka Bakar, Anak, Gyssens, Defined Daily Dose</p><p> </p> Oki Nugraha Putra, Iswinarno D Saputro, Hardiana D Nurhalisa, Erma Yuliana Copyright (c) 2021 Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia https://creativecommons.org/choose/results-one?license_code=by&amp;jurisdiction=&amp;version=4.0&amp;lang=en https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/322 Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Analisis Perbandingan Biaya Perawatan (Cost of illness Stroke Iskemik dan Stroke Hemoragik Pasien Rawat Inap di SUD Pannembahan Senopati https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/739 <p>     Stroke termasuk dalam penyakit katarostropik  yang dapat mengancam jiwa, dan memiliki resiko tinggi serta membutuhan pertolongan segera. Stroke dapat menyebabkan penderitanya memiliki faktor resiko morbiditas seusia hidupnya yang dapat menimbulkan <em>Burden disease </em>sehingga menyebabkan kematian, cedera, hilangnya produktifitas dan membutuhkan biaya penanganan yang cukup tinggi. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui total biaya perawatan dan selisish biaya perawatan stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik pasien rawat inap di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif analitik non-eksperimental dengan pendekatan <em>cross sectional study </em>menurut perspektif penyedia layanan kesehatan (<em>provider)</em>. Biaya yang diperhitungkan adalah biaya langsung <em>(direct cost)</em> menggunakan pendekatan <em>bottom up</em>. Subyek penelitian adalah semua pasien stroke rawat inap yang terdaftar sebagai pasien umum di rumah sakit yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data dianalisis menggunakan <em>software Excel</em> dan SPSS. Hasil penelitian melibatkan 50 sampel yang terdiri dari 32 pasien stroke iskemik dan 18 pasien stroke hemoragik menunjukan dengan analisis regresi linear variabel bebas berpengaruh terhadap biaya stroke sebesar 49,1%. Lama rawat inap menjadi faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap tingginya biaya dengan nilai p 0,00 (&lt;0,05). Total <em>direct health cost </em>perawatan stroke adalah sebesar Rp151.633.600,00 Sedangkan <em>material cost </em>sebesar Rp113.954.918,00. Total rata-rata biaya stroke iskemik  Rp4.625.511.006, stroke hemoragik  Rp6.531.786.277<strong> </strong>dengan selisih Rp1.906.275.271.</p> Setiani Setiani, Imram Radne Rimba, Eliza Dwinta Copyright (c) 2021 Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia https://creativecommons.org/choose/results-one?license_code=by&amp;jurisdiction=&amp;version=4.0&amp;lang=en https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/739 Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Gambaran Kuantitatif Antibiotik Menggunakan Metode Defined Daily Dose (DDD) Di Ruang Rawat Inap RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Pada Januari-Juni 2019 https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/740 <p><strong>Latar Belakang</strong><strong>. </strong>Penggunaan antibiotik yang tepat dapat meminimalkan terjadinya resistensi antibiotika. selain penghematan secara ekonomi<em>. </em>Oleh karena itu perlu adanya pemantauan dan evaluasi penggunaan antibiotik di fasilitas kesehatan dan <em>feedback</em> terhadap peresepan antibiotik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi secara kuantitatif penggunaan antibiotik baik jenis dan jumlah antibiotik berdasarkan klasifikasi <em>Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical </em>(ATC)  dengan  pengukuran <em>Defined Daily Dose </em>(DDD) sebagai metode terstandar pengukuran kuantitas penggunaan antibiotik. </p><p><strong>Metode</strong><strong>. </strong>Penelitian ini adalah  observasional deskriptif,  menggunakan rancangan potong lintang pada periode Januari-Juni 2019 pada RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso. Kriteria inklusi berupa kasus pasien dewasa bukan kasus TB yang dirawat di ruang rawat inap non ICU dan penggunaan antibiotiknya masuk ke dalam klasifikasi <em>Anatomical Therapueutic Chemical </em>(ATC). Berdasarkan data rekam medik  terkumpul dalam lembar pengumpul data.</p><p><strong>Hasil</strong><strong>. </strong>Sebanyak 96 status rekam medik dengan 51 kasus penyakit infeksi non bedah dan 45 kasus infeksi bedah yang menggunakan antibiotik. Difteri merupakan kasus infeksi non bedah terbanyak yaitu 10.5%. Distribusi penggunaan antibiotik golongan beta laktam kombinasi inhibitor betalaktamase sebanyak  37.28%, golongan sefalosporin 33.90%, golongan penisilin sebanyak 10,17%. Berdasarkan nilai DDD/<em>patient day</em> antibiotik Penicillin Prokain memiliki nilai tertiggi yaitu sebesar 97.22 dan nilai DDD/<em>patient day</em> terendah yaitu pada antibiotik meropenem yaitu sebesar 0.22.  </p><p><strong>Kesimpulan</strong><strong>. </strong>Pada penelitian ini, kuantitas antibiotik berdasarkan nilai DDD/100 <em>patient day </em>tertinggi adalah Penisilin Prokain, seiring dengan difteri sebagai kasus penyakit infeksi non bedah terbanyak pada periode Januari-Juni 2019.  Mengingat penelitian dilakukan pada saat kejadian luar biasa difteri, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut pada periode berikutnya sebagai data pembanding kuantitas antibiotik di masa depan.</p> Nina Mariana, Indriyati Indriyati, Aninda Dinar Widiantari, Muhammad Taufik, Chandra Wijaya, Teguh Sarry Hartono, Surya Oto Wijaya, Iman Firmansyah Copyright (c) 2021 Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia https://creativecommons.org/choose/results-one?license_code=by&amp;jurisdiction=&amp;version=4.0&amp;lang=en https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/740 Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Inhibition Activity Of Ethanolic Extract Of Ulva lactuca Against Staphylococcus aureus https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/300 <p align="justify"><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) is a normal flora that can cause mild skin infections, one of which is acne. Commonly used chemical treatments are antibiotics such as Clindamycin. Continuous use of antibiotics can lead to resistance. Natural ingredients that are possible can inhibit the growth of bacteria. Treatment caused by S.aureus is <em>Ulva lactuca</em> Linn. (Green algae). This marine biota contains compounds that have the potential to be antibacterial, including triterpenoids, flavonoids, and saponins. This study aims to compare antibacterial activity of  ethanolic extract of <em>Ulva lactuca</em> and Clindamycin against <em>S. aureus</em> bacteria. This type of research is an experimental laboratory. <em>Ulva lactuca</em> was extracted by maceration method using ethanol 96% solvent. Then carried out testing for antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion method by sump technique. The study was divided into 6 groups. One <em>Clindamycin</em> group and 5 treatment groups respectively with extract concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The test was carried out in 3 repetitions. Data analysis was processed by SPSS using the Kruskal-Wallis test to determine which groups had difference. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of Ulva lactuca was able to inhibit the growth of <em>S. aureus</em> bacteria with strong categories at concentrations of 20%, 40%, and 60%. Very strong category at 80% and 100% concentrations. The 100% concentration had the largest average inhibition zone diameter of 22 ± 0.577 mm which was not significantly different from Clindamycin with a significance value of 0.043 (p &lt;0.05). This study concludes that the ethanolic extract of <em>Ulva lactuca</em> has activity in inhibiting the growth of S.aureus bacteria with strong to very strong categories, but statistically not as strong as Clindamycin</p> emelda emelda, Eka Asriani Safitri, Annisa Fatmawati Copyright (c) 2021 Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia https://creativecommons.org/choose/results-one?license_code=by&amp;jurisdiction=&amp;version=4.0&amp;lang=en https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/300 Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Pengaruh Edukasi Terhadap Pengetahuan Santri Mengenai Swamedikasi Obat Diare dengan Media Slide di Lembaga Tinggi Pesantren Luhur Kota Malang https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/754 <div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><div><p class="Els-Abstract-Copyright">Swamedikasi merupakan suatu upaya seseorang dalam mengobati penyakit yang dialami dengan cara pemilihan serta penggunaan obat tanpa resep dokter. Dalam praktek swamedikasi diperlukan pengetahuan yang memadai agar tepat dalam melakukan praktek swamedikasi. Dijelaskan dalam penelitian lainnya bahwa edukasi dengan media elektronik berupa <em>slide PowerPoint</em> lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan media cetak berupa leaflet, sehingga penelitian ini pemberian edukasinya menggunakan media<em> slide PowerPoint</em>. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi tingkat pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah diberikan edukasi dan mengetahui pengaruh edukasi terhadap pengetahuan santri mengenai swamedikasi obat diare dengan media <em>slide</em><em> PowerPoint</em><em> </em>di Lembaga Tinggi Pesantren Luhur Kota Malang.Peneitian ini menggunakan penelitian pra-eksperimental, dengan rancangan penelitian <em>one group pretest posttest</em>. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara <em>non probability sampling</em> dengan teknik <em>purposive sampling</em>. Hasil sampel yang diperoleh dengan menggunaan rumus slovin yaitu sebanyak 68 responden.</p><p class="Els-Abstract-Copyright">Tingkat pengetahuan responden sebelum diberikan edukasi bervariasi dengan persentase terbanyak memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang “BAIK” yaitu 89,71%, kemudian “CUKUP” sebanyak 7,35% dan “KURANG BAIK” sebanyak 2,94%. Kemudian hasil tingkat pengetahuan responden sesudah diberikan edukasi yaitu 100% “BAIK”. Berdasarkan perbandingan skor <em>pretest</em> dan <em>posttest</em> yang diperoleh hasil tingkat pengetahuan responden meningkat setelah diberikan edukasi. Analisis data yang digunakan ialah Uji Wilcoxon dengan bantuan SPSS 25. Hasil analisis Uji Wilcoxon diperoleh Asymp. Sig. (p) 0,000 yang berarti nilai <em>pretest</em> dan nilai <em>posttest</em> berbeda atau tidak sama maka H1 diterima. Selain itu hasil Z<sub>hitung</sub> yang diperoleh -6,049 &lt; -1,96 maka H1 diterima yang berarti edukasi mengenai swamedikasi obat diare berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pengetahuan santri/santriwati Lembaga Tinggi Pesantren Luhur.</p></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> Khairunnisa Yahya, Ika Ratna Hidayati, Sendi Lia Yunita Copyright (c) 2021 Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia https://creativecommons.org/choose/results-one?license_code=by&amp;jurisdiction=&amp;version=4.0&amp;lang=en https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/754 Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Systematic Literature Review: Efektivitas Ekstrak Kopi sebagai Antioksidan dalam Mengatasi Photoaging https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/756 <p>Aging of the skin due to exposure of UV rays is referred as photoaging. Photoaging causes dry skin, wrinkles, darker skin pigmentation, and reduced skin firmness. The effect of photoaging can be treated by compounds that have antioxidant activity. Coffee contains polyphenols (caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid) which can inhibit the formation of ROS free radicals. This makes coffee an antioxidant potential in photoaging treatment. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of coffee extract as an antioxidant in photoaging treatment. The method used in this study is Systematic Literature Review. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Harzing's Publish or Perish application on several databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Crossref using the keywords "coffee AND antioxidant AND ultraviolet AND photoaging". The article selection flow used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) protocol. The total search results were 1202 articles, and there were 6 research articles that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria that had been set. The results of this study concluded that coffee extract can be used as an antioxidant in photoaging treatment. The effectiveness of coffee extract as an antioxidant in photoaging treatment was demonstrated by reducing the expression of MMPs, increasing the expression of type 1 procollage, reducing the area of wrinkles, and reducing TEWL. Coffee leaf extract decreased the expression of MMPs (MMP-1 ¯ 50%, MMP-3 ¯ 10% to 60%, MMP-9 ¯ 30% to 50%) and increased type 1 procollagen 60%. Coffee bean extract decreased the expression of MMPs (MMP-1 ¯ 5% to 60%, MMP-2 ¯ 20% to 60%, MMP-3 ¯  30%, MMP-9 ¯ 20% to 70%, MMP-13 ¯ 30% to 45%), increased type 1 procollagen 10% to 60%, reduced wrinkle area 20% to 88%, and decreased TEWL 10% to 20%.</p> Oktavia Lestyaning Ratri, Tamara Gusti Ebtavanny, Oktavia Eka Puspita Copyright (c) 2021 Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia https://creativecommons.org/choose/results-one?license_code=by&amp;jurisdiction=&amp;version=4.0&amp;lang=en https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/756 Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000 Pengembangan dan Optimasi Kapsul Mikrosfer Ekstrak Licorice sebagai Bentuk Sediaan Oral Extended Release Kanker Payudara https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/742 <p>Kanker payudara adalah kanker dengan angka kejadian tertinggi pada wanita. Protein yang terlibat dalam proses metastasis pada kanker adalah <em>high mobility group box</em> 1 (HMGB1). <em>Licorice</em> (<em>Glycyrrhiza glabra</em>) dilaporkan memiliki efek farmakologi antikanker dan ekstrak etanol <em>roasted</em> <em>licorice </em>dapat mengurangi viabilitas metastasis sel kanker. Sistem penghantaran mikrosfer merupakan serbuk padat terdiri dari polimer, <em>crosslinked</em>, dan bahan aktif yang dapat memberikan efek terapeutik diperpanjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi kemampuan <em>licorice</em> menghambat protein HMGB1 melalui <em>molecular docking study</em> dan mengetahui konsentrasi <em>crosslinked</em> natrium tripolifosfat yang paling optimal dalam formula kapsul mikrosfer ekstrak <em>licorice</em>. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan uji <em>in silico</em> berupa <em>molecular docking</em> dan uji ADMET, formulasi kapsul mikrosfer ekstrak <em>licorice</em> dengan variasi konsentrasi natrium tripolifosfat 3%, 6%, dan 9%, dan uji evaluasi mutu sediaan meliputi morfologi dan ukuran, sifat alir, penetapan kandungan, organoleptik, kadar air, waktu hancur, dan keseragaman bobot. Data hasil uji evaluasi dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis melalui IBM SPSS 28.0. Hasil yang diperoleh yakni senyawa <em>glycyrrhetic acid</em>, <em>liquiritin apioside</em>, dan <em>liquiritin</em> berpotensi menghambat protein HMGB1, <em>glycyrrhetic acid</em> dan <em>licochalcone A</em> merupakan substrat CYP450 3A4, dan delapan senyawa merupakan substrat P-gp dengan kelas toksisitas rendah. Kemudian tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada hasil uji ketiga formula namun konsentrasi <em>crosslinked </em>natrium tripolifosfat yang paling optimum dapat terlihat melalui uji evaluasi mutu sediaan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah senyawa <em>glycyrrhetic acid</em>, <em>liquiritin apioside</em>, dan <em>liquiritin </em>dalam <em>licorice</em> berpotensi menghambat HMGB1 dan formula mikrosfer yang memenuhi uji evaluasi paling baik adalah formula dengan konsentrasi natrium tripolifosfat 3%.</p> Farmasita Nabilla Cahyani, Rachmawati Ardiana, Dewi Uswatun Khasanah, Adinda Sukma Dewi, Oktavia Rahayu Adianingsih Copyright (c) 2021 Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia https://creativecommons.org/choose/results-one?license_code=by&amp;jurisdiction=&amp;version=4.0&amp;lang=en https://pji.ub.ac.id/index.php/pji/article/view/742 Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000